Journal of Research in Energy, Environment and Technology RIEMAT ISSN 2588-0721

Journal of Research in Energy, Environment and Technology RIEMAT ISSN 2588-0721 https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat Journal of Research in Energy, Environment and Technology (RIEMAT), ISSN: 2588-0721, is a scientific journal addressed to the scientific community in general, specialized in the areas of engineering, related sciences, architecture and engineering education, open access and free publication, which disseminates original scientific and technical contributions, review and methodological, product of research. The journal is affiliated to the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences of the <a href="https://www.utm.edu.ec/">Technical University of Manabí (UTM) </a>in Ecuador. The periodicity of the journal is biannual, with an annual volume of 2 issues. Each issue covers articles processed within the following periods: The first issue (January-June); and the second (July-December), articles can be written in Spanish and English. The mode of publication is continuous within each issue, publishing articles as they are approved, within each period. Statement of the Ethics Committee and good editorial practices of the journal <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iAMxHyBaQiSgg-2zWtzchNA1Sf2t9EAP/view?usp=sharing">here.</a> Director/Editor-at-Large Dr. Ciaddy Gina Rodriguez Borges Our journal started publishing electronically in January 2016 and as of January 2023, we proceeded to adjust the rules for the publication of articles, which must have at least 20 bibliographic references. Universidad Técnica de Manabí es-ES Journal of Research in Energy, Environment and Technology RIEMAT ISSN 2588-0721 2588-0721 Circular Economy and 3D Printing: Biomaterials in Industrial Sustainability https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7680 3D printing is a set of manufacturing techniques that are being used in the manufacture of various products. The objective of this research is to identify how these additive manufacturing techniques can offer advantages over traditional manufacturing techniques for the use of biomaterials, by-products, and waste, allowing for a reduction in costs and environmental pollution in the industrial sector.  To carry out this study, a systematic literature review was conducted using the desk research technique, considering studies on the circular economy and biomaterials used in 3D printing. Among the results found, it was evident that there is a wide range of possibilities for the use of materials: natural, composite, and synthetic, which come from recycling, for use in different 3D printing techniques. Their adoption would imply slower consumption of raw materials, reduced costs, and less pollution. These new production schemes can guide the industrial sector toward the adoption of circular economy models and sustainable development. Alina María Bracho Rodríguez Ana Belén Pérez Baltar Amanda Isabel Bracho Rodríguez Junior Anthony Ortega Arana Copyright (c) 2025 Alina María Bracho Rodríguez, Ana Belén Pérez Baltar, Amanda Isabel Bracho Rodríguez, Junior Anthony Ortega Arana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 10 2 56 67 10.33936/riemat.v10i1.7680 Gender-sensitive architecture: Spatial strategies for enhancing safety and well-being of women and girls in Latin American cities https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7657 This article examines how gender-sensitive architectural and urban design strategies contribute to the safety and well-being of women and girls in Latin American cities. Through a comparative case study of 16 public spaces in Quito, Santiago, Mexico City, and Buenos Aires, the research applies a mixed-methods methodology combining spatial analysis, structured field observation, and gender-sensitive audits. Results reveal that lighting continuity, visual permeability, proximity to care infrastructure, and active social presence significantly influence perceived safety. Peripheral areas with limited access to care services exhibit lower safety scores and higher levels of spatial exclusion. The study highlights structural limitations in conventional urban planning, which often neglects gendered experiences and fails to prioritize inclusive design principles. By integrating both quantitative indicators and qualitative insights, this research provides evidence for the spatial impacts of gender inequality in urban contexts. The article concludes with a set of practical recommendations to mainstream gender equity in urban design and planning, promoting inclusive, participatory, and context-responsive strategies for safer cities. Diana Zuleta Rene Idrovo Elena Vega Jenny Pinto Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Zuleta, Rene Idrovo, Elena Vega, Jenny Pinto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2025-07-04 2025-07-04 10 2 1 15 10.33936/riemat.v10i2.7657 Influence of thermal activation of zeolite on their cementing properties https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7654 Zeolites are silica-rich pozzolanic materials that have sparked interest in the scientific community due to their ability to react with portlandite in cement in the presence of water. Traditionally, they are extracted from deposits through a cleaning and grinding process; however, in recent years, it has been demonstrated that they can increase their cementing properties when previously subjected to high temperatures, known as thermal activation. With this premise, the objective of the research is to evaluate how the thermal activation of zeolite from the Castilla La Pita deposit in Havana province, Cuba, influences its cementing properties. To this end, the zeolite was subjected to a thermal activation process at temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C with calcination times of one, two, and three hours, producing mortar briquettes. These briquettes were then subjected to compressive strength tests and compared with a standard mortar made with not activated zeolite. The results show that thermal activation of zeolite increases its cementing properties; and that the highest strength activity index with Portland cement is obtained at a temperature of 400°C and a calcination time of 2 hours. René Antonio Puig Martínez Ivette Freire Valverde Sheila Monteserín Pérez Giovany Alemán Carmenate José Carlos Pérez Brown Copyright (c) 2025 René Antonio Puig Martínez, Ivette Freire Valverde, Sheila Monteserín Pérez, Giovany Alemán Carmenate, José Carlos Pérez Brown http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2025-06-26 2025-06-26 10 2 45 55 10.33936/riemat.v10i1.7654 Automation system to obtain information from the 3,4 kWp photovoltaic plant https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7506 In the era of sustainable energy, photovoltaic systems have become an increasingly necessary and popular solution due to their ability to generate clean and renewable energy. This paper presents a significant innovation in the monitoring of these systems, specifically a 3.4 kWp photovoltaic system installed on the terrace of building 1 of the Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences. The main objective was to design an efficient control system that allows the accurate collection of voltage, current and power data from the PV system. To achieve this, the Oxley Solar Pro mobile application was used, an advanced tool that facilitates real-time monitoring of various system parameters. As a result of this implementation, an automated system was obtained that not only monitors power generation, but also continuously monitors voltage and current. This innovation not only improves the efficiency of the PV system, but also provides crucial data for system maintenance and optimization, contributing significantly to energy sustainability. Joseph Joaquín Cajape Palma Nathaly Juleidy Cedeño Acosta Cristhian Leonel Cedeño Cuzme Erick Eduardo Molina Menéndez Ramón Alejandro Zambrano Intriago Copyright (c) 2023 Joseph Joaquín Cajape Palma, Nathaly Juleidy Cedeño Acosta, Cristhian Leonel Cedeño Cuzme, Erick Eduardo Molina Menéndez, Ramón Alejandro Zambrano Intriago http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2023-04-08 2023-04-08 10 2 27 32 10.33936/riemat.v8i1.7506 Analysis of migratory impact on segregation and unplanned urban growth in the La Revancha sector https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7484 This study analyzes the impact of migratory dynamics on the formation of the informal settlement La Revancha, located on the northeastern periphery of the city of Manta, Ecuador. Through a mixed methodological approach—both quantitative and qualitative—the main factors influencing the disorganized growth of the area are identified, as well as the urban implications of unplanned territorial expansion. Official secondary sources, semi-structured interviews with neighborhood leaders, long-term residents, and municipal technicians, as well as participant observation and georeferenced photographic records, were used. The results show that the expansion of La Revancha is mainly driven by internal migration processes motivated by economic crises and a housing deficit in consolidated urban areas. Informality in land tenure, limited access to basic services, and exclusion from the urban planning system have generated an environment of high social and physical vulnerability. The observed socio-spatial segregation is the result of a lack of coordination between population growth and public policies on land-use planning. The study concludes that La Revancha is a representative case of marginal urbanization that requires urgent attention through inclusive and sustainable planning. It highlights the need to design comprehensive strategies that recognize the right to the city, strengthen territorial governance, and reduce urban inequality. The research provides valuable inputs for replicating the analysis in similar contexts throughout Ecuador and Latin America. Gelly Vásquez Lady Romero Romero Copyright (c) 2025 Gelly Vásquez, Lady Romero Romero http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2025-06-06 2025-06-06 10 2 35 44 10.33936/riemat.v10i1.7484 Analysis of Socio-Spatial Segregation in Urban Peripheries: The Case of Mejía Sector, Portoviejo, Ecuador https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7475 Abstract This research analyzes socio-spatial segregation in the peripheral area of the Mejía sector, located in Picoazá Parish, Portoviejo Canton, Ecuador. The study addresses how weak territorial planning and flexible regulatory policies have contributed to the persistence of spatial and social inequalities in this urban fringe. Through a qualitative and exploratory approach, a case study methodology was used to investigate historical planning policies, local perceptions, and geospatial patterns. The research was developed in three phases: first, an evaluation of the historical evolution of territorial regulations; second, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders including residents, community leaders, and municipal officials; and third, geospatial analysis to map and identify areas most affected by segregation. Findings reveal that past land use policies and the lack of participatory planning mechanisms have favored the emergence of segregated zones with limited access to basic infrastructure and public services. Interviews highlighted the lack of recognition and support from authorities, as well as community demands for better roads, security, and social inclusion. The geospatial data further evidenced disparities in the distribution of resources, confirming a fragmented urban landscape in the Mejía sector. This study concludes that addressing socio-spatial segregation requires inclusive, multisectoral strategies that incorporate community participation, historical context, and spatial justice. Urban planning must prioritize equal access to opportunities and services to reduce inequality and foster sustainable urban development in peripheral sectors like Mejía. Keywords: socio-spatial segregation; urban periphery; territorial planning; community participation; geospatial analysis Lady Romero Gelly Vásquez Copyright (c) 2025 Lady Carolina Romero Romero, Gelly Vásquez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 10 2 16 29 10.33936/riemat.v10i2.7475 Seawater quality in the Pacoche Coastal Wildlife and Marine Refuge https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7330 The study was conducted in the Pacoche Coastal Marine Wildlife Refuge (RVSMCP), with the purpose of evaluating water quality using a quantitative approach that combined descriptive, exploratory and longitudinal techniques. Both the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the water were examined, identifying the causes and effects of variations in its quality, related to human activities, climatic conditions, and the management and conservation of water resources in the area was analyzed, observing effective management and a commitment to sustainability, along with active community participation in water management. Six monitoring points were chosen along the coast, prioritizing areas with greater tourist influx. The results obtained showed favorable water quality parameters, such as adequate levels of dissolved oxygen, a stable pH, low concentration of suspended solids, absence of heavy metals and thermotolerant coliforms. The Marine Water Quality Index (MWQI) applied at all points showed an adequate classification, indicating conditions conducive to aquatic life. In conclusion, water quality remains at an optimal state, which favors both the conservation of marine ecosystems and the well-being of local communities. José Manuel Calderón Pincay Patricio Javier Cool Mero Copyright (c) 2025 José Manuel Calderón Pincay, Patricio Javier Cool Mero http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2025-04-30 2025-04-30 10 2 23 34 10.33936/riemat.v10i1.7330 Sounding Solutions: Mobile App-Based Noise Control in Artisan Workshops in Ecuador https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7311 Mobile technologies have contributed to notable improvements in occupational health and general physical well-being by offering applications designed for disease prevention and care. This study aims to highlight the importance of preventive measures through the use of mobile applications to mitigate long-term hearing problems in industrial workshop operators exposed to high decibel levels. The study involved collecting data through structured surveys and conducting a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of mobile applications versus a standard sound level meter. Selected industrial workshops in the city of La Libertad (Ecuador) were analyzed using an exploratory and correlational methodology with qualitative components. This methodology incorporated a digital sound level meter along with a free-access mobile application. The results revealed minimal discrepancies (less than X dB) in measurement outcomes between the mobile application and the benchmark sound level meter, indicating their high measurement congruence. Consequently, it can be concluded that the integration of these applications into daily routines could significantly enhance the systematic monitoring of occupational noise, serving as an effective tool to promote and protect occupational health. Jorge Jimmy Ramírez Becerra Rolando Calero Mendoza Gerardo Antonio Brunett Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Jimmy Ramírez Becerra, Rolando Calero Mendoza, Gerardo Antonio Herrera Brunett http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2025-02-02 2025-02-02 10 2 14 22 10.33936/riemat.v10i1.7311 Emerging technology in Ecuadorian manufacturing https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7217 This study explores the impact and implementation challenges of emerging technologies in the Ecuadorian manufacturing industry. Specifically, it examines the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other advanced technologies, highlighting their potential benefits and the barriers that hinder their widespread integration. The research had a qualitative approach in a synthetic manner in which a historical and documentary review of a non-experimental design was carried out, through data collection from secondary sources. The study emphasizes that, although AI promises to improve productivity and competitiveness, its deployment is limited by factors such as resistance to change, insufficient investment in infrastructure and a shortage of specialized training. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are particularly affected, often lacking the resources necessary to effectively take advantage of these innovations. Concluding that, according to the findings, they highlight the critical need for Ecuadorian companies to prioritize technological investment to maintain competitiveness in a globalized economy as well as address economic and organizational barriers, improve skills development and foster a favorable regulatory environment, the which are essential steps to maximize the benefits of emerging technologies in the manufacturing sector. Luis Enrique Jurado Moreira María Gabriela Cedeño Campuzano José Mario Minaya Hernández Fe Esperanza Vivas Vivas Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Pita Mera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2025-01-02 2025-01-02 10 2 1 13 10.33936/riemat.v10i1.7217 Evaluation of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Eucalyptus Oil from Two Distillation Methods https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Riemat/article/view/7043 Steam extraction and hydrodistillation are still interesting to researchers who want to extract essential oils. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of eucalyptus essential oil. The extraction was carried out by steam drag and hydrodistillation for 122 and 140 minutes. The refractive index, density, solubility, acidity, color, iodine value, fatty acids, and yield were determined for the oil obtained. The results indicated that hydrodistillation (HD), with an extraction time of 140 minutes, yielded a percentage greater than 40% compared to the other treatments. There were no discernible differences in iodine value and refraction statistics. The relative density exhibited higher values in the vapor entrainment (AV) treatment and the control compared to the rest. The acidity level was higher in the control group, possibly due to a higher presence of saturated free fatty acids caused by inadequate storage or exposure to light. Fatty acid profile analysis revealed that the total unsaturated content was highest in the commercial oil, followed by hydrodistillation of monounsaturated and vapor carryover of polyunsaturated. It was concluded that research should continue to be carried out on the HD method compared to other newer ones to verify its effectiveness. Silvio Moreira Christian Rivadeneira Jorge Tumbaco Wilmer Ponce Copyright (c) 2024 Silvio Moreira, Christian Rivadeneira, Jorge Tumbaco, Wilmer Ponce http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-10-15 2024-10-15 10 2 35 47 10.33936/riemat.v9i2.7043