Plataformas de comunicación y gestión de energía en sistemas rurales con IoT
Artículo Original
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v10i2.7779Palabras clave:
Plataformas en la nube, protocolos de comunicación, monitoreo energético, MQTT, UbidotsResumen
El acceso confiable y continuo a la energía eléctrica en zonas rurales sigue siendo un desafío en América Latina, debido al aislamiento geográfico, la infraestructura limitada y los elevados costos de implementación. Ante esta realidad, la adopción de tecnologías basadas en el Internet de las Cosas (IoT) representa una alternativa viable para optimizar la supervisión, gestión y eficiencia de sistemas energéticos descentralizados. Este artículo presenta un análisis comparativo de protocolos de comunicación IoT de bajo consumo y plataformas en la nube enfocadas en el monitoreo y control de energía en entornos rurales. Se empleó una metodología documental y descriptiva-comparativa, considerando criterios como rendimiento técnico, escalabilidad, consumo energético, viabilidad de implementación y adaptabilidad al contexto. Los resultados destacan la eficacia de tecnologías como LoRaWAN y MQTT, y de plataformas como ThingsBoard y Ubidots, por su robustez y bajo requerimiento de recursos. Además, se desarrolló una emulación con microcontroladores ESP32 y sensores PZEM-004T, validando la factibilidad técnica de soluciones accesibles para monitoreo y control energético rural.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Concepción Elizabeth Carreño Chávez, Maria Magdalena Moreira Loor, Rogger José Andrade Cedeño
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