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Referências
1. Stoll N. This wormy world. J Parasitol. 1947; 85:392-396.
2. Hotez P, Remme J, Buss P, Alleyne G, Morel C, Breman J. Combating tropical infectious disea- ses: report of the disease control priorities in developing countries project. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:871-878.
3. Hotez PJ, Brindley PJ, Bethony JM. Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. JClin Invest. 2008; 118:1311-1321.
4. World Health Organization. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted hel- minthiasis: report of a WHO Expert Committee. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002. WHO Technical Report Series No.912.
5. Crompton DWT. How much helminthiasis is there in the world? J Parasitol. 1999; 85:397-403.
6. McCarty TR, Turkeltaub JA, Hotez PJ. Global progress towards eliminating gastrointestinal hel-minth infections. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014; 30:18-24.
7. Strunzl EC, Addiss DG, Stocks ME, Ogden S, Utzinger J, Freeman M. Water, sanitation, hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. [serial on the Internet]. 2014 Mar, 11(3): [about 38 p.]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3965411/pdf/pmed.1001620.pdf
8. Levecke B, Montresor A, Albonico M, Ame SM, Behnke JM,5 Bethony JM. Assessment of anthel- mintic efficacy of mebendazole in school children in six countries where soil-transmitted helminths are endemic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. [serial on the Internet]. 2014 Oct 9; 8(10): [about 12 p.]. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191962/pdf/pntd.0003204.pdf
9. OPS. Datos clave de las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas. Helmintiasis transmitidas por el suelo. Washington DC, 2014.
10. Bruschi F, Araujo MI, Harnett W, Pinelli E. Allergy and Parasites. J Parasitol Res. [serial on the Internet]. 2013 Feb 13, Vol. 2013:[about 2 p.]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC3583124/pdf/JPR2013-502562.pdf
11. Taylor B, Wadsworth J, Wadsworth M, Peckham M. Changes in the reported prevalence of child- hood eczema since the 1939-45 war. Lancet. 1984; 2:1255-1257.
12. Ring J. Davos Declaration: allergy as a global problem. Allergy. 2012; 67:141-143.
13. Leonardi-Bee J, Pritchard D, Britton J. Asthma and current intestinal parasite infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006; 174:514-523.
14. Rujeni N, Taylor D, Mutapi F. Human Schistosome Infection and Allergic Sensitisation. J Pa- rasitol Res. [serial on the Internet]. 2012 Jun, Vol. 2012:[about 18 p.]. Available from: https://www. hindawi.com/journals/jpr/2012/154743/
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16. Nguyen T, Casale TB. Immune modulation for treatment of allergic disease. Immunol Rev. 2011; 242:258-271.
17. Jutel M, Akdis CA. T-cell subset regulation in atopy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2011; 11:139-145.
18. Paul WE, Zhu J. How are T(H)2-type immune responses initiated and amplified. Nat Rev Immu- nol. 2010; 10:225-235.
19. Jex AR, Liu S, Li B. Ascaris suum draft genome. Nature. 2011; 479:529-533.
20. Allen JE, Maizels RM. Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011; 11:375-388.
21. Fallon PG, Mangan NE. Suppression of TH2-type allergic reactions by helminth infection. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007; 7:220-230.
22. Akdis M, Verhagen J, Taylor A. Immune responses in healthy and allergic individuals are characterized by a fine balance between allergen-specific T regulatory 1 and T helper 2 cells. J Exp Med. 2004; 199:1567-1575.
23. García-Hernández MH. Regulatory T cells in children with intestinal parasite infection. Parasite Immunol 2009; 31:597-603.
24. Hagan P, Blumenthal UJ, Dunn D, Simpson AJG, Wilkins HA. Human IgE, IgG4 and resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium. Nature. 1991; 349:243-245.
25. Joseph S. Increases in human T helper 2 cytokine responses to Schistosoma mansoni worm and worm-tegument antigens are induced by treatment with praziquantel. J Infect. Dis 2004; 190:835- 842.
26. Manoury B, Gregory WF, Maizels RM, Watts C. Bm-CPI-2, a cystatin homolog secreted by the filarial parasite Brugia malayi, inhibits class II MHC-restricted antigen processing. Curr Biol. 2001; 11:447-451.
27. Sartono E, Kruize YCM, Kurniawan-Atmadja A, Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M. Depression of antigen-specific interleukin-5 and interferon-γ responses in human lymphatic filariasis as a function of clinical status and age. J Infect Dis. 1997; 175:1276-1280.
28. Matisz CE, McDougall JJ, Sharkey KA, McKay D. Helminth parasites and the modulation of joint inflammation. J Parasitol Res. [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Feb, Vol. 2011:[about 8 p.]. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpr/2011 /942616/
29. Hagel I, Cabrera M, Buvat E. Antibody responses and resistance against Ascaris lumbricoides infection among Venezuelan rural children: the influence of ethnicity. J Trop Pediatr. 2008; 54:354-356.
30. Turner JD, Faulkner H, Kamgno J. Allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 are markers of resistance and susceptibility in a human intestinal nematode infection. Microbes Infect. 2005; 7:990-996.
31. McSharry C, Xia Y, Holland CV, Kennedy MW. Natural immunity to Ascaris lumbricoides asso- ciated with immunoglobulin E antibody to ABA-1 allergen and inflammation indicators in children. Infect Immun. 1999; 67:484-489.
32. Jackson JA, Turner JD, Rentoul L. T helper cell type 2 responsiveness predicts future susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes in humans. J Infect. Dis 2004; 190:1804-1811.
33. Moro K, Yamada T, Tanabe M. Innate production of T(H)2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associa- ted c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) lymphoid cells. Nature. 2010; 463:540-544.
34. Neill DR,Wong SH, Bellosi A. Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity. Nature. 2010; 464:1367-1370.
35. Saenz SA, Siracusa MC, Perrigoue JG. IL25 elicits a multipotent progenitor cell population that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses. Nature. 2010; 464:1362-1366.
36. Nicolaou N, Siddique N, Custovic A. Allergic disease in urban and rural populations: increasing prevalence with increasing urbanization. Allergy. 2005; 60:1357-1360.
37. Cooper PJ. Interactions between helminth parasites and allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 9:29-37.
38. Acevedo N, Caraballo L. IgE cross-reactivity between Ascaris lumbricoides and mite allergens: possible influences on allergic sensitization and asthma. Parasite Immunol. 2011; 33:309-321.
39. Spillmann RK. Pulmonary ascariasis in tropical communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1975; 24:791800.
40. Joubert JR, de Klerk HC, Malan C. Ascaris lumbricoides and allergic asthma: a new perspective. S Afr Med J. 1979; 56:599-602.
41. Joubert JR, van Schalkwyk DJ, Turner KJ. Ascaris lumbricoides and the human immunoge- nic response: enhanced IgE-mediated reactivity to common inhaled allergens. S Afr Med J. 1980; 57:409-412.
42. Patterson R, Harris KE, Pruzansky JJ. Induction of IgE-mediated cutaneous, cellular, and airway reactivity in rhesus monkeys by Ascaris suum infection. J Lab Clin Med. 1983; 101:864-872.
43. Patterson R, Harris KE. IgE-mediated rhesus monkey asthma: natural history and individual animal variation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1992; 97:154-159.
44. Tsuji M, Hayashi T, Yamamoto S, Sakata Y, Toshida T. IgE-type antibodies to Ascaris antigens in man. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1977; 55:78-81.
45. Palmer LJ, Celedon JC, Weiss ST, Wang B, Fang Z, Xu X. Ascaris lumbricoides infection is associated with increased risk of childhood asthma and atopy in rural China. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 165:1489-1493.
46. Takeuchi H, Zaman K, Takahashi J. High titre of anti-Ascaris immunoglobulin E associated with bronchial asthma symptoms in 5-year-old rural Bangladeshi children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38:276-282.
47. Hunninghake GM, Soto-Quiros ME, Avila L. Sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides and severity of childhood asthma in Costa Rica. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:654-661.
48. Hagel I, Cabrera M, Hurtado MA. Infection by Ascaris lumbricoides and bronchial hyper reactivi- ty: an outstanding association in Venezuelan school children from ndemic areas. Acta Trop. 2007; 103:231-241.
49. Obihara CC, Beyers N, Gie RP. Respiratory atopic disease, Ascaris immunoglobulin E and tuberculin testing in urban South African children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006; 36:640-648.
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51. Alcantara-Neves NM, Badaro SJ, dos Santos MC, Pontes-de-Carvalho L, Barreto ML. The pre- sence of serum anti-Ascaris lumbricoides IgE antibodies and of Trichuris trichiura infection are risk factors for wheezing and/or atopy in preschool-aged Brazilian children. Respir Res. [serial on the Internet]. 2010 Aug; 11(114): [about 9 p.]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2939601/pdf/1465-9921-11-114.pdf
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2. Hotez P, Remme J, Buss P, Alleyne G, Morel C, Breman J. Combating tropical infectious disea- ses: report of the disease control priorities in developing countries project. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:871-878.
3. Hotez PJ, Brindley PJ, Bethony JM. Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. JClin Invest. 2008; 118:1311-1321.
4. World Health Organization. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted hel- minthiasis: report of a WHO Expert Committee. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002. WHO Technical Report Series No.912.
5. Crompton DWT. How much helminthiasis is there in the world? J Parasitol. 1999; 85:397-403.
6. McCarty TR, Turkeltaub JA, Hotez PJ. Global progress towards eliminating gastrointestinal hel-minth infections. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014; 30:18-24.
7. Strunzl EC, Addiss DG, Stocks ME, Ogden S, Utzinger J, Freeman M. Water, sanitation, hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. [serial on the Internet]. 2014 Mar, 11(3): [about 38 p.]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3965411/pdf/pmed.1001620.pdf
8. Levecke B, Montresor A, Albonico M, Ame SM, Behnke JM,5 Bethony JM. Assessment of anthel- mintic efficacy of mebendazole in school children in six countries where soil-transmitted helminths are endemic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. [serial on the Internet]. 2014 Oct 9; 8(10): [about 12 p.]. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191962/pdf/pntd.0003204.pdf
9. OPS. Datos clave de las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas. Helmintiasis transmitidas por el suelo. Washington DC, 2014.
10. Bruschi F, Araujo MI, Harnett W, Pinelli E. Allergy and Parasites. J Parasitol Res. [serial on the Internet]. 2013 Feb 13, Vol. 2013:[about 2 p.]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC3583124/pdf/JPR2013-502562.pdf
11. Taylor B, Wadsworth J, Wadsworth M, Peckham M. Changes in the reported prevalence of child- hood eczema since the 1939-45 war. Lancet. 1984; 2:1255-1257.
12. Ring J. Davos Declaration: allergy as a global problem. Allergy. 2012; 67:141-143.
13. Leonardi-Bee J, Pritchard D, Britton J. Asthma and current intestinal parasite infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006; 174:514-523.
14. Rujeni N, Taylor D, Mutapi F. Human Schistosome Infection and Allergic Sensitisation. J Pa- rasitol Res. [serial on the Internet]. 2012 Jun, Vol. 2012:[about 18 p.]. Available from: https://www. hindawi.com/journals/jpr/2012/154743/
15. Johansson S, Bieber T, Dahl T. Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113:832-836.
16. Nguyen T, Casale TB. Immune modulation for treatment of allergic disease. Immunol Rev. 2011; 242:258-271.
17. Jutel M, Akdis CA. T-cell subset regulation in atopy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2011; 11:139-145.
18. Paul WE, Zhu J. How are T(H)2-type immune responses initiated and amplified. Nat Rev Immu- nol. 2010; 10:225-235.
19. Jex AR, Liu S, Li B. Ascaris suum draft genome. Nature. 2011; 479:529-533.
20. Allen JE, Maizels RM. Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011; 11:375-388.
21. Fallon PG, Mangan NE. Suppression of TH2-type allergic reactions by helminth infection. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007; 7:220-230.
22. Akdis M, Verhagen J, Taylor A. Immune responses in healthy and allergic individuals are characterized by a fine balance between allergen-specific T regulatory 1 and T helper 2 cells. J Exp Med. 2004; 199:1567-1575.
23. García-Hernández MH. Regulatory T cells in children with intestinal parasite infection. Parasite Immunol 2009; 31:597-603.
24. Hagan P, Blumenthal UJ, Dunn D, Simpson AJG, Wilkins HA. Human IgE, IgG4 and resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium. Nature. 1991; 349:243-245.
25. Joseph S. Increases in human T helper 2 cytokine responses to Schistosoma mansoni worm and worm-tegument antigens are induced by treatment with praziquantel. J Infect. Dis 2004; 190:835- 842.
26. Manoury B, Gregory WF, Maizels RM, Watts C. Bm-CPI-2, a cystatin homolog secreted by the filarial parasite Brugia malayi, inhibits class II MHC-restricted antigen processing. Curr Biol. 2001; 11:447-451.
27. Sartono E, Kruize YCM, Kurniawan-Atmadja A, Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M. Depression of antigen-specific interleukin-5 and interferon-γ responses in human lymphatic filariasis as a function of clinical status and age. J Infect Dis. 1997; 175:1276-1280.
28. Matisz CE, McDougall JJ, Sharkey KA, McKay D. Helminth parasites and the modulation of joint inflammation. J Parasitol Res. [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Feb, Vol. 2011:[about 8 p.]. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpr/2011 /942616/
29. Hagel I, Cabrera M, Buvat E. Antibody responses and resistance against Ascaris lumbricoides infection among Venezuelan rural children: the influence of ethnicity. J Trop Pediatr. 2008; 54:354-356.
30. Turner JD, Faulkner H, Kamgno J. Allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 are markers of resistance and susceptibility in a human intestinal nematode infection. Microbes Infect. 2005; 7:990-996.
31. McSharry C, Xia Y, Holland CV, Kennedy MW. Natural immunity to Ascaris lumbricoides asso- ciated with immunoglobulin E antibody to ABA-1 allergen and inflammation indicators in children. Infect Immun. 1999; 67:484-489.
32. Jackson JA, Turner JD, Rentoul L. T helper cell type 2 responsiveness predicts future susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes in humans. J Infect. Dis 2004; 190:1804-1811.
33. Moro K, Yamada T, Tanabe M. Innate production of T(H)2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associa- ted c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) lymphoid cells. Nature. 2010; 463:540-544.
34. Neill DR,Wong SH, Bellosi A. Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity. Nature. 2010; 464:1367-1370.
35. Saenz SA, Siracusa MC, Perrigoue JG. IL25 elicits a multipotent progenitor cell population that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses. Nature. 2010; 464:1362-1366.
36. Nicolaou N, Siddique N, Custovic A. Allergic disease in urban and rural populations: increasing prevalence with increasing urbanization. Allergy. 2005; 60:1357-1360.
37. Cooper PJ. Interactions between helminth parasites and allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 9:29-37.
38. Acevedo N, Caraballo L. IgE cross-reactivity between Ascaris lumbricoides and mite allergens: possible influences on allergic sensitization and asthma. Parasite Immunol. 2011; 33:309-321.
39. Spillmann RK. Pulmonary ascariasis in tropical communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1975; 24:791800.
40. Joubert JR, de Klerk HC, Malan C. Ascaris lumbricoides and allergic asthma: a new perspective. S Afr Med J. 1979; 56:599-602.
41. Joubert JR, van Schalkwyk DJ, Turner KJ. Ascaris lumbricoides and the human immunoge- nic response: enhanced IgE-mediated reactivity to common inhaled allergens. S Afr Med J. 1980; 57:409-412.
42. Patterson R, Harris KE, Pruzansky JJ. Induction of IgE-mediated cutaneous, cellular, and airway reactivity in rhesus monkeys by Ascaris suum infection. J Lab Clin Med. 1983; 101:864-872.
43. Patterson R, Harris KE. IgE-mediated rhesus monkey asthma: natural history and individual animal variation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1992; 97:154-159.
44. Tsuji M, Hayashi T, Yamamoto S, Sakata Y, Toshida T. IgE-type antibodies to Ascaris antigens in man. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1977; 55:78-81.
45. Palmer LJ, Celedon JC, Weiss ST, Wang B, Fang Z, Xu X. Ascaris lumbricoides infection is associated with increased risk of childhood asthma and atopy in rural China. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 165:1489-1493.
46. Takeuchi H, Zaman K, Takahashi J. High titre of anti-Ascaris immunoglobulin E associated with bronchial asthma symptoms in 5-year-old rural Bangladeshi children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38:276-282.
47. Hunninghake GM, Soto-Quiros ME, Avila L. Sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides and severity of childhood asthma in Costa Rica. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:654-661.
48. Hagel I, Cabrera M, Hurtado MA. Infection by Ascaris lumbricoides and bronchial hyper reactivi- ty: an outstanding association in Venezuelan school children from ndemic areas. Acta Trop. 2007; 103:231-241.
49. Obihara CC, Beyers N, Gie RP. Respiratory atopic disease, Ascaris immunoglobulin E and tuberculin testing in urban South African children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006; 36:640-648.
50. Dold S, Heinrich J, Wichmann HE, Wjst M. Ascaris-specific IgE and allergic sensitization in a cohort of school children in the former East Germany. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 102:414-420.
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2017-04-11
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