Evaluation of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Eucalyptus Oil from Two Distillation Methods
Original Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v9i2.7043Keywords:
Essential oil; steam entrainment; physicochemical characteristics; extraction; hydrodistillation; yield.Abstract
Steam extraction and hydrodistillation are still interesting to researchers who want to extract essential oils. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of eucalyptus essential oil. The extraction was carried out by steam drag and hydrodistillation for 122 and 140 minutes. The refractive index, density, solubility, acidity, color, iodine value, fatty acids, and yield were determined for the oil obtained. The results indicated that hydrodistillation (HD), with an extraction time of 140 minutes, yielded a percentage greater than 40% compared to the other treatments. There were no discernible differences in iodine value and refraction statistics. The relative density exhibited higher values in the vapor entrainment (AV) treatment and the control compared to the rest. The acidity level was higher in the control group, possibly due to a higher presence of saturated free fatty acids caused by inadequate storage or exposure to light. Fatty acid profile analysis revealed that the total unsaturated content was highest in the commercial oil, followed by hydrodistillation of monounsaturated and vapor carryover of polyunsaturated. It was concluded that research should continue to be carried out on the HD method compared to other newer ones to verify its effectiveness.
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