Dormancia física de la semilla de Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne: estudio morfoanatómico, germinación y emergencia de la plántula

PHYSICAL DORMANCY OF THE SEED OF Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne: MORPHOANATOMIC STUDY, GERMINATION AND SEEDLING EMERGENCY

Autores/as

  • Solenny Melissa Parra Rivero Autora
  • Norberto Maciel-De Sousa Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”
  • María Sanabria-Chopite Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”
  • Rosario Valera Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33936/rev_bas_de_la_ciencia.v5i3.2489

Palabras clave:

Peltophorum pterocarpum, semilla, germinación, dormancia, morfoanatomía

Resumen

  Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne es un árbol cuyo crecimiento rápido y adaptación a condiciones de estrés hídrico permiten su uso como ornamental en ciudades secas y calientes de los trópicos. Sin embargo, la propagación por semillas se dificulta debido a la dureza de la cubierta seminal, siendo necesaria la aplicación de tratamientos pregerminativos. El objetivo fue describir el proceso de germinación, emergencia y analizar las posibles causas morfoanatómicas de la dormancia en las semillas de P. pterocarpum. Para ello se estimaron los tiempos de germinación (T10, T50, T90), se estudió la fase plantular y se realizaron láminas semipermanentes. Las semillas son elípticas, homogéneas y opacas. Se evidenció la presencia del hilo, micrópilo, funículo, rafe y el lente o estrofíolo ubicados hacia el extremo hilar.  El embrión es recto y el eje embrional está conformado por la radícula cónica, anfítropa, con dos cotiledones simples, elípticos, carnosos y endosperma escaso. La germinación fue epígea y fanerocotilar, con el primer par de prófilos bipinnados de ocho folíolos. Las características morfoanatómicas de las semillas proporcionan las estrategias para que la especie pueda propagarse a través del tiempo y el espacio debido a la presencia de la dormancia física, la cual se asocia anatómicamente con el tejido esclerenquimático presentado por la presencia de dos capas de células uniformemente engrosadas, lignificadas y compactas, dispuestas en empalizada, junto a una hilera de osteoesclereidas. Para facilitar los procedimientos a seguir por viveristas y productores durante la propagación sexual de la especie, se recomienda evaluar tratamientos pregerminativos.   Palabra clave: Peltophorum pterocarpum, semilla, germinación, dormancia, morfoanatomía.   Abstract Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne is a tree whose rapid growth and adaptation to hydric stress conditions allow its use as an ornamental in hot, dry cities of the tropics. However, the propagation by seeds is difficult due to the hardness of the seminal cover, being necessary the application of pregerminative treatments. The objective was to describe the germination and emergence process and to analyze the possible morphoanatomic causes of dormancy in P. pterocarpum seeds. For this, the germination times (T10, T50, T90) were estimated, the seedling phase was studied and semi-permanent sheets were made. The seeds are elliptical, homogeneous, and opaque. The presence of the thread, micropyle, funiculus, raphe, and the lens or strophiolelocated towards the end of the line was evidenced. The embryo is straight and the embryonic axis is made up of the conical, amphitropic radicle, with two simple, elliptical, fleshy cotyledons and scant endosperm. Germination was epigeal and phanerocotylar, with the first pair of bipinnate prophiles with eight leaflets. The morphoanatomical characteristics of the seeds provide the strategies for the species to spread through time and space due to the presence of physical dormancy, which is anatomically associated with the sclerenchymal tissue presented by the presence of two layers of cells uniformly thickened, lignified and compact, arranged in a palisade, next to a row of osteosclereids. To facilitate the procedures to be followed by nurserymen and producers during the sexual propagation of the species, it is recommended to evaluate pregerminative treatments.   Keywords: Peltophorum pterocarpum, seed, germination, dormancy, morphoanatomy.

 

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Biografía del autor/a

Solenny Melissa Parra Rivero, Autora

Citas

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Publicado

2020-12-31

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Ciencias Biológicas