Estimación de zonas potenciales de aguas subterráneas en la cuenca del río Portoviejo mediante análisis jerárquico basado en SIG y teledetección
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/rev_bas_de_la_ciencia.v6i1.2648Palabras clave:
Agua subterránea, AHP, GWPI, PortoviejoResumen
La utilización del agua subterránea en Ecuador se ha venido incrementando y cada día gana importancia debido al agotamiento, contaminación o inexistencia de fuentes superficiales. Sin embargo, la información hidrogeológica de la cual dispone el país es incompleta, desactualizada y dispersa, faltando implementar estrategias para la gestión del recurso hídrico subterráneo, iniciando con el proceso de legalización y regularización de los concesionarios formales e informales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las zonas potenciales de aguas subterráneas en la cuenca del río Portoviejo aplicando el método de análisis jerárquico (AHP, según sus siglas en inglés) basado en el sistema de información geográfica (SIG) y teledetección de acceso libre. A partir de este análisis se obtuvo el índice de potencial de aguas subterráneas (GWPI, según sus siglas en inglés), utilizado para la creación del mapa de zonas potenciales, el cual fue comparado con datos existentes en el inventario de puntos de agua. En la validación, se obtuvo una efectividad del 87 % para el mapa resultante, el cual ha sido influenciado en mayor grado por la permeabilidad de la roca, la precipitación y la densidad de drenajes, y en menor proporción por la pendiente del terreno y el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI, según sus siglas en inglés). Palabra clave: agua subterránea, AHP, GWPI. AbstractThe use of groundwater in Ecuador has been increasing and is gaining importance every day due to the depletion, contamination, or non-existence of surface sources. However, the hydrogeological information available in the country is incomplete, outdated, and dispersed, and there is a lack of strategies for managing subway water resources, starting with the process of legalization and regularization of formal and informal concessionaires. The objective of this study was to determine the potential groundwater areas in the Portoviejo River basin by applying the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) based on geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing with free access. From this analysis, the groundwater potential index (GWPI) was obtained, used to create the map of potential areas, which was compared with existing data in the inventory of water points. In the validation, effectiveness of 87 % was obtained for the resulting map, which has been influenced in greater degree by the permeability of the rock, the precipitation and the density of drainages, and in smaller proportion by the slope of the land and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).
Keywords: AHP, groundwater, GWPI.Descargas
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