Patterns of antinuclear antibodies and anti-nuclear antigen antibodies in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Authors

Graciela Uzcanga Urbina Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-2086
Jessica Santos Loor Maestría en Biomedicina con mención en Pruebas especiales y diagnóstico biomédico. Facultad de Posgrado. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Ecuador; Laboratorio Santa Rita. Manta, Manabí, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0045-5964

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33936/qkrcs.v7i3.6476

Keywords:

Autoimmune Diseases; nuclear antigens; Antinuclear Antibody Test

Abstract

The antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are biomarkers for the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). This study evaluated the patterns of ANA associated with ENA as confirmatory markers of SLE. Data from patients with clinical suspicion of SLE, referred to the Santa Rita laboratory in Manta, Ecuador, from January to December 2020, were analysed. ANA were detected in these patients by immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells, and antibodies against ENA were detected by linear immunoassay. Of the 168 patients studied, 118 (70.24%) had positive ANA. There was a significant predominance of cases in women (89.72%) compared to men (36.07%). The most common pattern in women and men was Fine Granular Nuclear, present in 47 cases (39.83%), followed by Homogeneous Nuclear with 36 (30.50%). Recognition of Ro and La antigens were observed in the Fine Granular Nuclear pattern. Antibodies against DNA, nucleosomes, RNP, Sm, and histones were associated with the Homogeneous Nuclear pattern. Spearman's correlation established significant associations (p < 0.01) between these patterns and ENA. These correlations are fundamental for the accurate diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

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