Patrones de anticuerpos antinucleares y anti-antígenos extraídos del núcleo en pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico

Autores/as

Graciela Uzcanga Urbina Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-2086
Jessica Santos Loor Maestría en Biomedicina con mención en Pruebas especiales y diagnóstico biomédico. Facultad de Posgrado. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Ecuador; Laboratorio Santa Rita. Manta, Manabí, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0045-5964

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33936/qkrcs.v7i3.6476

Palabras clave:

Enfermedad autoinmunitaria; antígenos nucleares; prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares

Resumen

Los anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA) y los anticuerpos contra los antígenos extraíbles del núcleo (ENA) son biomarcadores para el diagnóstico de trastornos autoinmunes, como el Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES). Este estudio evaluó los patrones de ANA asociados a los ENA como marcadores confirmatorios del LES. Se analizaron datos de pacientes con sospecha clínica de LES, remitidos al laboratorio Santa Rita en Manta, Ecuador, de enero a diciembre de 2020. A estos pacientes se les detectaron los ANA por inmunofluorescencia sobre células HEp-2 y anticuerpos frente a ENA por inmunoensayo lineal. De los 168 pacientes estudiados, 118 (70,24%) tenían ANA positivos. Hubo un predominio significativo de casos en mujeres (89,72%), en comparación con los hombres (36,07%). El patrón más común en mujeres y hombres fue el Nuclear Granular Fino, presente en 47 casos (39,83%), seguido del Nuclear Homogéneo con 36 (30,50%). El reconocimiento de antígenos Ro y La se observó en el patrón Nuclear Granular Fino. Los anticuerpos contra el ADN, nucleosomas, RNP, Sm e histonas estaban asociados al patrón Nuclear Homogéneo. La correlación de Spearman estableció asociaciones significativas (p < 0,01) entre estos patrones y los ENA. Estas correlaciones son fundamentales para el diagnóstico preciso de enfermedades autoinmunes.

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Citas

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