Propagação regional e perspectivas filogenéticas sobre a transmissão do vírus da raiva em bovinos no sul do Equador

Agricultura e Silvicultura

Autores

  • Jorge Rodrigo Espinoza Samaniego Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Maestría en Ciencias Veterinarias, Unidad Académica de Posgrado, Latacunga, Cotopaxi, Ecuador. ORCID iD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-786X
  • Edilberto Chacón Marcheco Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Maestría en Ciencias Veterinarias, Unidad Académica de Posgrado, Latacunga, Cotopaxi, Ecuador. ORCID iD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9590-6451
  • Luis Alfredo Mena Miño Agencia de Regulación y Control Fito y Zoosanitario (AGROCALIDAD), Sanidad 3Animal, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. ORCID iD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-4012
  • Rubén Alexander Maldonado Orbe Universidad Internacional SEK-UISEK, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Enfermedades Desatendidas, Emergentes, Ecoepidemiología y Biodiversidad (GIEED), Biomedicina Experimental y Aplicada (GIBEA), Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. ORCID iD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-2141

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33936/latecnica.v15i2.7321

Palavras-chave:

raiva, caracterização molecular, análise filogenética, Equador, vigilância epidemiológica.

Resumo

A raiva é uma zoonose letal que acomete humanos e animais, sendo fundamental sua caracterização molecular para compreender sua evolução e dinâmica epidemiológica. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a caracterização molecular de isolados do vírus da raiva obtidos a partir de tecido cerebral de bovinos na Zona 7 do Equador, a fim de gerar informações que contribuam para o fortalecimento dos programas nacionais de vigilância e controle. O estudo abrangeu as províncias de Zamora Chinchipe, Loja e El Oro, no período de 2015 a 2020. Foram analisadas 26 amostras previamente confirmadas como positivas por imunofluorescência direta e cultivo em células BHK-21, confirmando a presença do vírus da raiva. A análise filogenética demonstrou que os isolados equatorianos foram agrupados em clados específicos, evidenciando conexões entre variantes históricas e aquelas identificadas nas províncias de Loja e Zamora Chinchipe. Em contraste, os isolados de El Oro apresentaram menor diversidade genética, sugerindo padrões de transmissão local mais restritos. As províncias de Loja e Zamora Chinchipe desempenharam papel relevante na disseminação do vírus, possivelmente em função de condições ecológicas favoráveis à manutenção de morcegos hematófagos. Ademais, a diversidade genética observada reforça a importância da vigilância genômica para a detecção de mutações que possam comprometer a eficácia das vacinas e das estratégias de controle atualmente empregadas. Conclui-se que é essencial estabelecer políticas sanitárias alinhadas aos padrões regionais de distribuição viral, incorporando de forma sistemática ferramentas moleculares e análises filogenéticas na vigilância epidemiológica. As informações geradas por este estudo contribuem para o aprimoramento de programas de controle mais eficazes, com potencial para reduzir o impacto da raiva bovina na região sul do Equador.

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Publicado

2025-11-01

Edição

v. 15 n. 2 (2025): Julio-Diciembre

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Artículos

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Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Rodrigo Espinoza Samaniego, Edilberto Chacón Marcheco, Luis Alfredo Mena Miño, Rubén Alexander Maldonado Orbe

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Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.