Plantas medicinales de la Amazonía ecuatoriana con actividad antibacteriana: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

Cristian Sillagana Verdezoto Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena 150102, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7804-5095

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33936/revbasdelaciencia.v8i3.6708

Palabras clave:

Etnofarmacología, productos naturales, fitoquímicos, resistencia bacteriana, actividades biológicas.

Resumen

La creciente resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos comerciales resalta la necesidad de descubrir nuevos agentes antimicrobianos. Las plantas medicinales de la Amazonía ecuatoriana, con sus diversas moléculas bioactivas, representan una fuente prometedora de compuestos que podrían enfrentar esta problemática. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la información científica publicada sobre plantas medicinales de la región amazónica ecuatoriana con propiedades antibacterianas durante el período 2014-2024 a través de una revisión sistemática. Se realizó una búsqueda avanzada en las bases PudMed, Science Direct y Red de Repositorio de Acesso Abierto del Ecuador, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA (por sus siglas en inglés, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) para el tamizaje de los artículos. Se identificaron nueve artículos que reportan 12 familias botánicas divididas en 18 especies recolectadas en las provincias de Pastaza, Morona Santiago, Zamora Chinchipe y Sucumbios. Los aceites esenciales de Piper augustum, Piper leticianum y Hedychium coronarium resultaron ser los extractos más bioactivos en está revisión presentaron una concentración mínima inhbitoria de 0,18 mg/mL frente a Streptococcus mutans. Los compuestos activos incluyen terpenos, alcaloides y compuestos fenólicos, destacando la compleja química de estas plantas, la cual contribuye a su potente actividad antimicrobiana. Esta revisión sistemática resalta el potencial prometedor de las plantas medicinales amazónicas como fuentes de compuestos antibacterianos. Es necesario seguir investigando para caracterizar completamenta las propiedades antimicrobianas de estas plantas, así como para comprender sus mecanismos de acción y su aplicación clínica.

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Citas

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