Potencial uso terapéutico de las plantas medicinales y sus derivados frente a los coronavirus
Potential therapeutic use of medicinal plants and their derivatives against coronaviruses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/rev_bas_de_la_ciencia.v5i3.2507Keywords:
plantas medicinales, medicina tradicional, agentes antivirales, coronavirus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2Abstract
Las pandemias causadas por los coronavirus afectan a la población y han cobrado miles de vidas y pérdidas económicas en todo el mundo, hasta la presente fecha no hay medicamentos antivirales, vacunas o terapias con anticuerpos monoclonales clínicamente aprobados para tratar sus infecciones. Por otro lado, los compuestos derivados de plantas poseen una gran diversidad química que incluye actividad antiviral por lo que pueden tener utilidad como agentes terapéuticos contra las infecciones por coronavirus. El objetivo fue identificar las plantas medicinales y sus derivados que presentan actividad antiviral in vitro frente a infecciones por coronavirus para lo cual se llevó a cabo una revisión y análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones científicas de cuatro bases de datos (Medline, Web of Sciense, Scopus y Cochrane Library). Se consideró como adecuado el uso de los descriptores: plantas medicinales, medicina tradicional, fitoquímicos, medicina a base de hierbas, coronavirus, SARS o MERS y se ajustó adecuadamente la ecuación en cada una de ellas. De los 1483 estudios recuperados, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 32 artículos, en la mayoría de los estudios se describió el efecto protector por parte de los extractos y sus derivados, destacándose los compuestos: ácido cafeico, xantoangelol B, isobavachalcona, psoralidina, hirsutenona, hirsutanonol, 3β-friedelanol, silvestrol, amentoflavona, ferruginol, savinin, ácido betulínico, urtica dioica, griffithsia, taraxerol, ácido clorogénico por sus propiedades para inhibir proteínas estructurales y de unión a los receptores del huésped, así como la inhibición de proteasas importantes en la división y replicación del virus. Palabra clave: Plantas medicinales, medicina tradicional, agentes antivirales, coronavirus. Abstract Pandemics caused by coronaviruses affect the population and have claimed thousands of lives and economic losses worldwide. To date, there are no antiviral drugs, vaccines, or monoclonal antibody therapies clinically approved to treat their infections. On the other hand, plant-derived compounds have a great chemical diversity that includes antiviral activity and therefore may be useful as therapeutic agents against coronavirus infections. The objective was to identify the medicinal plants and their derivatives that present antiviral activity in vitro against coronavirus infections. A bibliometric review and analysis of the scientific publications of four databases (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) was carried out, and the use of the descriptors was considered appropriate: medicinal plants, traditional medicine, phytochemicals, herbal medicine, coronavirus, SARS or MERS and the equation in each of them was adjusted accordingly. Of the 1483 studies retrieved, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 articles were selected. In most of the studies, the protective effect by the extracts and their derivatives was described, highlighting the compounds: caffeic acid, xanthoangelol B, isobavachalcone, psoralidin, hirsutenone, hirsutanonol, 3β-friedelanol, silvestrol, amentoflavone, ferruginol, savinin, betulinic acid, urtica dioica, griffithsia, taraxerol, chlorogenic acid for their properties to inhibit structural and host receptor binding proteins, as well as the inhibition of important proteases in virus division and replication. Keywords: Medicinal plants, traditional medicine, acting antiviral agents, coronavirus.
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