TRANSFORMACIÓN DE BIOMASA LIGNOCELULÓSICA EN BIOCOMBUSTIBLE DE SEGUNDA GENERACIÓN: ESTADO DEL ARTE DEL PRETRATAMIENTO

Autores

Binnie Patricia Luzardo Gorozabel Universidad Técnica de Manabí http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-3235
Enrique Ruíz Reyes Departamento de Química. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-1581
Jean Carlos Pérez Parra Departamento de Química. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7971-1782

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33936/revbasdelaciencia.v7i3.4243

Palavras-chave:

biomasa lignocelulósica, biocombustible, bioenergía, pretratamiento

Resumo

El aumento en la emisión de gases contaminantes causado por las actividades antropogénicas derivadas de la utilización de combustibles fósiles, es una de los principales problemas ambientales al que se le está buscando solución mediante la implementación de energías alternativas, con el fin de minimizar los efectos del calentamiento global y brindar seguridad energética. El aprovechamiento de residuos es uno de estos enfoques, este propone la utilización de materiales de desecho para la creación de nuevos productos sin afectar los cultivos destinados a la alimentación u otros servicios de primera necesidad. Es por ello que en varias investigaciones se ha analizado la utilización de diferentes tipos de biomasas como fuente de energía renovable, debido a que son de fácil adquisición y pueden ser convertidas en combustibles. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el estado del arte del uso de la biomasa lignocelulósica como materia prima para la obtención de biocombustibles de segunda generación a través de una revisión de la literatura de los últimos diez años. Se realizó la búsqueda del empleo de la misma como materia prima para su bioconversión a combustible de segunda generación, desde la identificación de la estructura y composición de la matriz lignocelulósica, pretratamientos y parámetros que influyen en su conversión, posible formación de subproductos de carácter inhibidor, producción de biocombustible en Latinoamérica y Ecuador, hasta las perspectivas futuras de su viabilidad. La revisión de la literatura destacó que la generación de biocombustible a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica es considerada como una alternativa a la demanda energética, siendo así una solución al aumento de la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero y a la generación de residuos.

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