Change in the Age Structure of the Population in Latin America, 1990-2022

Abstract

The population of a region forms the foundation of society, influencing its economic, social, and cultural dynamism through heterogeneous characteristics that evolve and vary across countries. This study analyzes how demographic parameters impact the development of Latin America, considering their evolution in relation to economic, social, and political events between 1990 and 2022. Using a quantitative approach, descriptive character, and retrospective longitudinal design, the findings reveal a sustained population increase accompanied by a consistent decline in the annual growth rate. The results show that the male population represents 49.32%, while the female population accounts for 50.68%. The crude birth rate averages an annual growth of 21.1, and the crude death rate stands at 6.85% annually. Life expectancy at birth shows an annual average of 71.55 years, although the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced its growth in recent years. Additionally, migration poses a significant challenge, with an average value of -2.51 during the study period, affecting employment figures and increasing reliance on remittances. This analysis highlights the need for public policies to address these dynamics and strengthen regional development.