Histopathology of cultured juvenile Totoaba macdonaldi associated with bacterial isolates molecularly identified as Vibrio spp. during a temperature increase event

Autores/as

Dora Alejandra Trejo-Ramos Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, (CICESE) Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860. Ensenada, Baja California, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-0488
Jorge Cáceres
Samuel Sánchez-Serrano Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC) Carretera Ensenada- Tijuana No. 3917, U. A. B. C., 22860. Ensenada, Baja California, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-1891
Rebeca Vásquez-Yeomans Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, (CICESE) Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860. Ensenada, Baja California, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9481-810X
Roberto Cruz-Flores Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, (CICESE) Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860. Ensenada, Baja California, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-4992

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33936/at.v4i3.5258

Palabras clave:

Sciaenidae, Bacteriología, Mortalidad , Juveniles de peces , Vibriosis, Vibrio harveyi

Resumen

Totoaba macdonaldi es una especie de corvina en peligro de extinción endémica del Golfo de California, México. Esta especie ha sido cultivada para el repoblamiento de stocks silvestres y comercialización en la Unidad de Manejo y Conservación de Vida Silvestre para el cultivo de T. macdonaldi de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México. Se observó un episodio de mortalidad en juveniles de 50 días de edad, que coincidió con un aumento de temperatura de 16 a 25,5˚C que afectó a la instalación acuícola. Se realizaron análisis histopatológicos y bacteriológicos de los peces sobrevivientes para investigar las posibles causas de mortalidad. Se observaron daños en las branquias, incluida una congestión severa en los filamentos branquiales, necrosis y disociación epitelial de las laminillas. Además, se detectó necrosis epidérmica e hipodérmica, así como colonización bacteriana difusa de la dermis. Se detectaron congestión severa y hemólisis en la aurícula del corazón y vasos portales hepáticos. De las lesiones cutáneas se aislaron ocho colonias de bacterias, correspondientes a cuatro especies del género Vibrio, identificadas tentativamente por secuenciación parcial del gen 16S rRNA como Vibrio harveyi, V. rotiferianus, V. brasilensis y V. shilonii. De ellos, V. harveyi correspondió a 4 de los 8 aislamientos y se encontró en todos los peces moribundos. Las características de las alteraciones tisulares relacionadas con estos Vibrio spp. oportunistas, sugieren la ocurrencia de un evento de mortalidad aguda favorecido por un aumento de la temperatura. Este es el primer registro de la histopatología de juveniles de T. macdonaldi que sufrieron un evento inusual de mortalidad ante un aumento de temperatura en condiciones de cultivo asociado con Vibrio spp.

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