Bioremediation of shrimp farming effluents by means of autochthonous microbial consortia and native microalgae in Manabí, Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/at.v4i1.4635Keywords:
Penaeus vannamei, Contamination, Chlamydomonas sp., Desmodesmus sp., Chlorella sp., Trichoderma harzianum, Lactobacillus spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiaeAbstract
Shrimp farming is a constantly growing activity, which has led to the deterioration of ecosystems due to the deposition of effluents that impact the environment, which generates not only damage to ecosystems but also to the same quality of the water that enters the cultivation area. That is why this research seeks to evaluate the efficiency of autochthonous microbial consortia (in vitro) in the bioremediation of the effluent of a shrimp farm located in the Cabello Manabí sector - Ecuador. For this, the following parameters were analyzed: phosphates, ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, BOD5 and total coliforms. A Completely Randomized Design with one factor and 4 levels was used, using 4 treatments: bacterial consortium (T1) including the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae., microalgae consortium (T2)., fungal consortium (T3) made up of Trichoderma harzianum, S. cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum., and as (T4) a combined consortium of the three previous treatments. A statistically significant difference was observed in T2 with respect to the other treatments, since thanks to its metabolic activities, the bioremediation of elements such as phosphates, nitrogen compounds and total coliforms was observed, while in the other parameters a significant improvement was not achieved. The process carried out by the microalgae made it possible to adjust the parameters analyzed to water quality criteria to be reused in agricultural and livestock activities and even discharged into freshwater bodies, concluding that the application of microalgae native to the area was useful for the bioremediation of shrimp effluents from the locality.
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References
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Bohutskyi P., Kligerman D., Byers N., Nasr L., Cua C., Chow S., Su C., Tang Y., Betenbaugh M., Bouwer E. (2016). Effects of inoculum size, light intensity, and dose of anaerobic digestion centrate on growth and productivity of Chlorella and Scenedesmus microalgae and their poly-culture in primary and secondary wastewater. Algal Research. 19, 278-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.010
Boyd C.E., Thunjai T. (2003). Concentrations of major ions in waters of inland shrimp farms in China, Ecuador, Thailand, and the United States. Journal of theWorld Aquaculture Society 34(1), 524-532.
Boyd C. (1990). Food habits of Barbus luteus in main outfall drain, Iraq. Natural Science 5(7), 482-486.
Boyd C. (2000). Effluent Composition & Water Quality Standards. Global Aquaculture Alliance 1(1), 61-66.
Boyd C. (2001). Consideraciones sobre la calidad del suelo en cultivos de camarón. Managua: Imprenta UCA.
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Breitburg D., LevinL., Oschlies P., Grégoire M., Chavez F., Conley D., Garçon V., Gilbert D., Gutiérrez D., Isensee K., Jacinto G., Limburg K., Montes I., Naqvi S., Pitcher G., Rabalais N., Roman M., Rose K., Seibel B., Telszewski M., Yasuhara M., Zhang J. (2018). Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters. Science 359, 6371. DOI 10.1126/science.aam7240
Brunton L., Desbois A., Garza M., Wieland B., Mohan C., Häsler B., Tam C., Le P., Thanh Phuong N., Van P., Nguyen-Viet H., Eltholth M., Pham D., Duc P., Linh N., Rich K., Mateus A., Hoque A., Ahad A., Khan M., Adams A., Guitian J. (2019). Identifying hotspots for antibiotic resistance emergence and selection, and elucidating pathways to human exposure: Application of a systems-thinking approach to aquaculture systems. Science of The Total Environment 687, 1344–1356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.134
Camacho-Jiménez L., Álvarez-Sánchez Y., Mejía-Ruíz C. (2020). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antimicrobials in marine shrimp farming: A review. Aquaculture Reports 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100512
Cardoso-Mohedano J., Bernardello R., Sanchez-Cabeza J., Páez-Osuna F., Ruiz-Fernández A., Molino E., Cruzado A. (2016). Reducing nutrient impacts from shrimp effluents in a subtropical coastal lagoon. Science of The Total Environment 571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.140
Castro J., Ceballos B. (2011). Estrategias para optimizar el manejo del alimento en el engorde del camarón blanco del Caribe Litopenaeus schmitti. AquaTIC 35, 20-34.
Curriquiry M., Piaggio M., Sena G. (2019). Guía de análisis costo-beneficio. Aplicación para medidas de adaptación al cambio climático en el sector agropecuario en Uruguay. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca, Montevidewo, FAO, PNUD. p.165
Dar R.A., Sharma N., Kaur K., Phutela U.G. (2019). Feasibility of Microalgal Technologies in Pathogen Removal from Wastewater. In: Gupta S.K., Bux F. (eds) Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13913-1_12
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Fajardo P., Bravo R., Navarrete J., Hurtado E. (2020). Técnica de replicación de bacterias en melaza al 5%. In: IX Evento internacional La Universidad en el siglo XXI. (9, 2020, Manabí, Ecuador). Memoria. Manabí, Ecuador. http://sigloxxi.espam.edu.ec/Ponencias/VI/ponencias/5.pdf
Fuentes J., Garbayo I., Cuaresma M., Montero Z., González-del-Valle M., Vílchez C. (2016). Impacto de las interacciones microalgas-bacterias en la producción de biomasa de algas y compuestos asociados. Marine Drugs 14(5), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14050100
García C., Arbid Z., Petrales J. (2015). Growth Kinetics and Nutrient Uptake of Microalgae in Urban Wastewaters with Different Treatment Levelsb. Technology and water sciences 1(1), 49-68.
Gil-Izquierdo A., Pedreño M.A., Montoro-García S., Tárraga-Martínez M., Iglesias P., Ferreres F., Barceló D., Núñez-Delicado E., Gabaldón J.A. (2021). A sustainable approach by using microalgae to minimize the eutrophication process of Mar Menor lagoon. Science of The Total Environment 758(1), 143613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143613
González-Ruiz R., Granillo-Luna O., Peregrino-Uriarte A., Gómez-Jiménez S., Yepiz-Plascencia G. (2020). Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Molecular characterization and effect of high temperature, hypoxia and reoxygenation on expression and enzyme activity. Journal of Thermal Biology 88, 102519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102519
Hong A., Hargan K., Williams B., Nuangsaeng B., Siriwong S., Tassawad P., Chatdanai C., Los Huertos M. (2020). Examining molluscs as bioindicators of shrimp aquaculture effluent contamination in a southeast Asian mangrove. Ecological Indicators. 11, 106365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106365
Katayama T., Nagao N., Kasan N., Khatoon H., Rahman N., Takahashi K., Furuya K., Yamada Y., Wahid M., Jusoh M. (2020). Bioprospecting of indigenous marine microalgae with ammonium tolerance from aquaculture ponds for microalgae cultivation with ammonium-rich wastewaters. Journal of Biotechnology 323, 113 – 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.001
Kathyayani, S., Poornima, M., Sukumaran, S., Nagavel, S., Muralidhar, M. 2019. Effect of ammonia stress on immune variables of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei under varying levels of pH and susceptibility to white spot syndrome virus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 184(30), 109626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109626
Lekshmi B., Joseph R.S., Jos, A., Abinandan S., Shanthakumar S. (2015). Studies on reduction of inorganic pollutants from wastewater by Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus abundans. Alexandria Engineering Journal 54(4), 1291-1296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.09.013
Luvi U. (2014). Evaluación de los indices microbiológicos y fisicoquímicos en aguas residuales de la ciudad de puno – tratadas con microorganismos nativos. Tesis de pregrado Med. Vet. Puno, Perú, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano.
Mendoza S., Tinoco O., Nieto K. (2016). Evaluación de la carga bacteriana y resistencia a antibióticos de bacterias aisladas en zonas marinas de alta influencia de producción larvaria en Ecuador. Revista del Instituto de Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Minera, Metalúrgica y Geográfica 19(38), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.15381/iigeo.v19i38.13580
Meza B. (2013). Efecto del acido indol-3-acetico producido por Azospirillium brasilen se en las enzimas de asimilación del amonio en Chlorella vulgaris, bajo condiciones de coinmovilazación. Tesis de maestría. La Paz, México, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C.
Millard R., Ellis R., Bateman K., Bickley L., Tyler C., Van Aerle R., Santos E. (2020). How do abiotic environmental conditions influence shrimp susceptibility to disease? A critical analysis focussed on White Spot Disease. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 186, 107369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2020.107369
Ordoñez S. (2015). Importancia del sector camaronero de la provincia del Oro en el Ecuador y su aporte a la recaudación total de impuestos, durante el periodo 2010 – 2011. Tesis de maestría. Guayas, Guayaquil, Universidad de Guayaquil.
Paes C., Faria G., Tinoco N., Castro N., Barbarino E., Lourenço S. (2016). Growth, nutrient uptake and chemical composition of Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata under nitrogen starvation. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 44(2), 275-292. doi:10.3856/vol44-issue2-fulltext-9
Park T., Lee T., Lee M., Park C., Lee C., Moon S., Chung J., Cu, R., An Y., Yeom D., Lee S., Lee J., Zoh J. (2018). Development of water quality criteria of ammonia for protecting aquatic life in freshwater using species sensitivity distribution method. Science of The Total Environment 634, 934-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.018
Peña Casado, L.A. (2017). El Sector Camaronero del Ecuador y las Políticas Sectoriales: 2007 – 2016. Tesis de pregrado Econ. Quito, Ecuador, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.
Ramírez A. (2017). Evaluación y determinación de la calidad del agua en las piscinas de la camaronera Boca Salima, para el mejoramiento de la producción de camarón (en línea). Tesis de pregrado Ing. Quím. Loja, Ecuador, Universidad Técnica Partícular de Loja.
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2022-03-07
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