Grasa de ave como fuente principal de lípidos en una mezcla para reemplazar el aceite de pescado en dietas de Oreochromis niloticus
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/at.v6i3.7146Keywords:
alimentos libres de pescado , acuicultura, alimentos processados, harina de aveAbstract
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo probar la grasa de ave como la principal fuente de grasa para reemplazar el aceite de pescado en dietas para tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Con este propósito, se utilizó una mezcla de grasa de ave (71 %), grasa de palmiste (25 %), una fuente rica en ácido láurico (12:0), y aceite de microalgas (4 %), rico en DHA y EPA, para reemplazar el aceite de pescado. Las dietas isoproteicas e isolipídicas (37,5 % de proteína cruda y 8 % de lípidos crudos) contenían cuatro niveles de la mezcla de grasas para reemplazar el aceite de pescado: 0, 1,65, 3,32 y 5 % de la dieta total, y se usaron para alimentar juveniles de tilapia (6,04 ± 0,13 g) cuatro veces al día en grupos por triplicado. Seis semanas después, todos los peces fueron pesados individualmente, y se halló una fuerte correlación mediante un análisis de regresión polinómica, mostrando una menor tasa de conversión alimenticia con mayores niveles de la mezcla de grasa de ave (r²=0,933), mientras que se registró un mayor crecimiento (r²=0,762). El análisis de ácidos grasos en el hepatopáncreas no mostró presencia de ácido láurico contenido en la grasa de palmiste, pero sí una reducción significativa en los ácidos oleico y linoleico, principales fuentes de energía. Por otro lado, se observó una acumulación significativa de ácido palmítico (16:0). Además, el índice hepatosomático fue significativamente positivo con mayores cantidades de la mezcla de grasa de ave (r²=1), lo que revela la capacidad de mantener un mayor peso en el hepatopáncreas, a pesar de no haberse observado diferencias claras en la histología obtenida de los diferentes tratamientos dietéticos. Este estudio concluyó que la grasa de ave puede sustituir al aceite de pescado en dietas para tilapia, con una relación claramente positiva con el desempeño general de O. niloticus
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