Evaluation of the effect of commercial probiotic bacteria on larval cultures of Penaeus vannameiEvaluation of the effect of commercial probiotic bacteria on larval cultures of Penaeus vannamei
Keywords:
Beneficial interactions, bacteria, Vibrio spp., animal healthAbstract
The intensification of Penaeus vannamei aquaculture has increased the occurrence of bacterial diseases and water quality deterioration, resulting in significant economic losses. In this context, the use of probiotics emerges as a sustainable alternative to enhance larval health and productive performance. This study evaluated the effect of commercial probiotics on water quality, production performance, and microbial health in the larval culture of P. vannamei. Four treatments were implemented: a control without probiotics and three with different bacterial combinations (Probiotics A, B, and C). Physicochemical, microbiological, growth, survival, and biomass parameters were monitored, along with a cost-benefit analysis. Results indicated that the treatment with Probiotic C (T4), composed of Bacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Pediococcus sp., Thiobacillus sp., and Paracoccus sp., was the most effective. This treatment achieved the highest final larval density (50 PL/g), average weight (20 mg), final length (9.0 mm), biomass (3.889 g), uniformity (92%), and survival rate (70%). In contrast, the control group showed lower values. Moreover, T4 substantially reduced pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, and Pseudomonas sp., as well as fungi, compared to the control. The cost-benefit analysis revealed that although T4 had the highest cost per thousand ($0.45), it also generated the greatest productive yield, justifying its application. These findings support the use of probiotics as an effective tool to optimize growth, larval health, and profitability in aquaculture systems, promoting more sustainable practices.
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