Effects of dry pelleted diets on growth and survival of the edible sea urchin Arbacia stellata (Blainville, 1825) for an echinoculture feasibility
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/at.v4i3.5373Palabras clave:
Alimentación alternativa, Nutrición, Tasas de crecimiento , Supervivencia, Arbaciidae, EcuadorResumen
El erizo de mar, Arbacia stellata, es parte de nuevos escenarios bioalimentarios para el empleo como nutracéuticos de organismos marinos del mundo sin uso actual como alimento. Se realizó una prueba de alimentación durante 98 días (en un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado simple) usando especímenes de A. stellata (n= 88; 29,3 ± 0,2 mm y 14,5 ± 0,3 g de diámetro de la testa y peso inicial promedios, respectivamente) para evaluar la eficacia de tres dietas isoproteicas que contenían fuentes de proteínas de crustáceos y vegetales en diferentes combinaciones, con el propósito de desarrollar una dieta seca formulada de bajo costo que promoviera su crecimiento (en diámetro de la testa y peso), rendimiento gonadal y supervivencia. Se elaboraron la Dieta 1 (camarones, Penaeus vannamei), Dieta 2 (Sacha Inchi, Plukenetia volubilis) y Dieta 3 (dieta mixta). Se utilizaron seis individuos por tratamiento. Se alimentaron al 1% con relación al peso corporal promedio por envase (0,86-0,97 g), cada 48 h en condiciones ad libitum. Las dietas 2 y 3 produjeron un rendimiento significativamente mejor para el crecimiento en el diámetro de la testa 31,58 ± 0,21 mm, SGR= 0,0066 ± 0,0001 mm mo-1 y 31,18 ± 0,35 mm, SGR= 0,0064 ± 0,0001 mm mo-1, respectivamente. Similares resultados de crecimiento en peso se obtuvieron con la dieta 2 y 3, 19,13 ± 0,52 g, SGR= 0,0413 ± 0,0019 g mo-1 y 19,08 ± 0,48 g, SGR= 0,0377 ± 0,0017 g mo-1, respectivamente. La tasa de conversión alimenticia y el índice gonadal fueron mejores con las dietas 2 y 3. En general, el rendimiento más bajo se obtuvo con la dieta 1. La supervivencia fue superior al 54% y el grupo mantenido en inanición murió el día 42. Este estudio indica que las dietas basadas en plantas y la combinación de varias fuentes de proteína en las dietas produjo respuestas biológicas notables en el crecimiento de A. stellata.
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