Técnicas de manejo de enfermedades poscosecha en frutos de cítricos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/latecnica.v13i1.5179Palabras clave:
producción; almacenamiento; pérdidas; enfermedades; control físico; químico y biológico.Resumen
A nivel mundial la producción de cítricos ha incrementado debido a la creciente demanda por parte de países productores y exportadores. Sin embargo, las pérdidas poscosecha son un reto para los citricultores, en especial las causadas por los hongos Penicillium digittaum y P. italilicum; además de los microorganismos causantes de enfermedades precosecha, que persisten en el tiempo y se presentan durante el almacenamiento de los cítricos. La investigación tuvo como objetivo recopilar información sistémica, aplicativa y de gran utilidad sobre técnicas de manejo de enfermedades poscosecha en frutos de cítricos (Citrus spp.) en Ecuador. Una de las técnicas de manejo, es el uso de fungicidas sintéticos, en especial el Imidazol y Bencimidazol y las sales, como ortofenil fenato de sodio. Entre las opciones biológicas, se usan hongos, bacterias y levaduras con capacidad antagónica y antifúngica. Dentro de las medidas físicas, se emplea el almacenamiento en condiciones de baja temperatura, que varía de acuerdo a la especie de cítricos y la luminosidad, sugiriéndose como una excelente medida de manejo para los hongos causantes de la pudrición, P. digitatum y P. italicum. El manejo de enfermedades poscosecha debe contar con un plan que incluya al menos dos medidas de control.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Cristhian Jesús Chávez Caicedo , Jessenia Rosanna Castro Olaya, Adriana del Carmen Celi Soto , Dorys Terezhina Chirinos Torres
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
