Perda de gravidez na fêmea bovina e estratégias para melhorar a eficiência dos programas de reprodução assistida
Producción y Salud Animal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/latecnica.v14i1.5472Palavras-chave:
serviço de repetição; perdas de gravidez; mortalidade embrionária.Resumo
Nos programas de inseminação artificial (IA), os cios repetidos, as perdas embrionárias (EM) e fetais são causas importantes de baixa eficiência reprodutiva em climas quentes. Esta revisão da literatura tem como objetivo mostrar as causas e as estratégias para reduzir as perdas de gestação em vacas. Nos bovinos, a taxa de fertilização é elevada e ocorre em cerca de 75 a 90% das fêmeas inseminadas. As perdas embrionárias ocorrem em mais de 25% das cobrições e a maior proporção dessas perdas ocorre entre 15 a 17 dias após a cobrição e seis semanas após o início da gestação. Os procedimentos biotécnicos utilizados para evitar a repetição do cio e a mortalidade embrionária e fetal incluem: a utilização de hormonas exógenas, incluindo progesterona, estrogénios, hormona do crescimento, gonadotropina coriónica humana, factores de libertação de hormonas e interferão alfa recombinante, a fim de melhorar as funções do corpo lúteo e inibir o mecanismo de luteólise. Outros procedimentos incluem a aplicação de vários procedimentos biotécnicos de sincronização e ressincronização do estro para melhorar a eficiência dos serviços de IA e corrigir a baixa eficiência de deteção do estro. Suplementação alimentar com gorduras insaturadas e substâncias antioxidantes e medidas de gestão para reduzir o impacto do stress térmico. Estes procedimentos podem contribuir para melhorar a fertilidade dos bovinos em climas quentes.
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