Eficiencia de la cáscara de Musa paradisiaca como coagulante natural en el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas
Palabras clave:
Biocoagulante, tratamiento de agua, sostenibilidad, Musa paradisiaca, cloruro férrico.Resumen
La contaminación del agua es un grave problema global, especialmente en países en desarrollo, donde
muchas aguas residuales se vierten sin tratamiento, contribuyendo a enfermedades. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la eficacia de la cáscara de plátano verde como coagulante natural en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales domésticas provenientes de la laguna de oxidación de la ciudad de Calceta, Ecuador.
Se recolectaron 10 litros de agua residual y se preparó el biocoagulante a partir de cáscaras de plátano. Las pruebas se realizaron en jarras con 400 ml de agua, aplicando concentraciones del biocoagulante de 100 a 2000 ppm y cloruro férrico (FeCl₃) de 100 a 2000 ppm. También se evaluó la combinación de cloruro férrico a 750 ppm con el biocoagulante en 10 y 400 ppm. Se midieron parámetros fisicoquímicos como pH, turbidez, conductividad, color, sólidos disueltos, sólidos suspendidos y sólidos totales, utilizando un diseño completamente al azar para todos los tratamientos y calculando el Índice de Calidad del Agua (ICA). Los
resultados mostraron que el biocoagulante de cáscara de plátano mejoró significativamente la calidad del agua, reduciendo la turbidez de 189 NTU a 6,2 NTU y los sólidos disueltos a 639 mg/L, manteniendo un pH estable de 7,5. La combinación con cloruro férrico resultó aún más eficaz, logrando notables reducciones en sólidos suspendidos y color, con un ICA de 57,79, destacando su potencial como alternativa sostenible frente al uso exclusivo de FeCl₃.
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