Formación de esferoides en camarones penaeidos: Implicaciones patológicas y valor diagnóstico

Autores/as

  • Alexander Varela Mejías Consultor en Diagnóstico y Sanidad Acuícola, Laboratorio Sea Farmers, Sinaloa, México http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5642-2160
  • Jorge Cuéllar-Anjel Consultor Internacional en Sanidad Acuícola, Global Consulting Inc., Bogotá, D.C., Colombia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-4003

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33936/at.v2i2.2675

Palabras clave:

Inmunidad, Camarones penaeidos, Virus, Esferoides, Histopatología, Diagnóstico

Resumen

Los camarones penaeidos están expuestos constantemente a infecciones por agentes patógenos. Como respuesta a éstos y a pesar de la aparente simplicidad de su sistema inmune, se han descrito diferentes mecanismos defensivos contra patógenos virales, bacterianos y micóticos, que incluyen complejos procesos de inmunidad celular y humoral. Como parte de esta respuesta, en múltiples ocasiones, se ha reportado la presencia de hiperplasias nodulares del órgano linfoide, denominadas “esferoides del órgano linfoide” (LOS por sus siglas en inglés). Este trabajo presenta una revisión sobre estas estructuras, su descripción histopatológica y la relación que guardan con patologías infecciosas reportadas hasta la fecha. Asimismo, se presentan ejemplos de los principales agentes reportados en su formación. Finalmente, se discute sobre la importancia y limitantes de estas estructuras y su valor diagnóstico mediante técnicas histopatológicas, realizadas en el órgano linfoide y a otras ubicaciones en distintos órganos y tejidos de los camarones (“esferoides ectópicos”).

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2020-09-18