Optimización del protocolo de producción larvaria para estirpes tropicalizadas de Magallana gigas: efecto de la dieta unialgal en el acondicionamiento reproductivo
Optimization of the larval production protocol for tropicalized lineages of Magallana gigas: effect of unialgal diet on reproductive conditioning
Palabras clave:
dieta microalgal , índice gonadosomático, índice de condición, larvas competentes , stock de reproductoresResumen
La reproducción demanda mucha energía en el ciclo de vida los bivalvos y el acondicionamiento de los reproductores afecta la viabilidad de los gametos y el posterior desarrollo embrionario y larvario. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia de tres diferentes concentraciones unialgales de la diatomea Chaetoceros gracilis, suministradas como alimento para la inducción al desarrollo gonádico y sus subsecuentes desoves de reproductores y en el desarrollo larvario de estirpes tropicalizadas de la ostra del Pacífico Magallana gigas. Para tal fin, fueron trasladados 150 reproductores hasta el laboratorio, limpiados de comunidades incrustantes y se tomaron sus valores biométricos cada 15 días por 45 días. La muestra fue dividida en tres lotes de 50 ostras, y estos nuevamente fueron separados al azar en 3 lotes o réplicas de 16 ostras y colocados en tanques de plástico de 3 TM con agua de mar, a 35 ppm y 27 °C, con concentraciones microalgales de 1,2x106 cel./mL (C. Baja), 1,5x106 cel./mL (C. Media) y 1,8x106 cel./mL (C. Alta), equivalentes al 1,06, 1,32 y 1,58% de la biomasa húmeda de los tejidos blandos de las ostras. Al término del periodo de acondicionamiento se realizó una inducción al desove mediante shock térmico (de 27°C a 35°C), respondiendo 15 hembras y 17 machos alimentadas con la C. alta que permitieron obtener 30 millones de ovocitos, 5 hembras y 8 machos alimentadas con la C. media con 1 millón de ovocitos (C. Media), sin observarse desoves en las ostras en C. Baja. El desarrollo de los estadios larvarios tuvo una duración de 15 días, desde larva “D” hasta la fijación; la sobrevivencia larvaria fue de 14% (C. Alta); mientras que el 50 % de larvas de la C. Media no superaron la etapa pediveliger. Se recomienda el acondicionamiento de los reproductores con la dieta C. Alta debido a que indujo mayores índices gonadosomáticos y porcentajes de desoves, así como mayor producción larvaria, en términos cualitativos y cuantitativos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Estefanía S. Oña Pérez, Jimmy Villón Moreno, Xavier Vicente Piguave-Preciado, Alberto García, Luis Felipe Freites Valbuena
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