Microplásticos en Perna perna (Bivalvia: Mytilidae): Evaluación preliminar comparativa de un banco natural y un cultivo suspendido en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela
Palabras clave:
contaminación, índices de condición, mejillón, microplásticos, salud humanaResumen
La presencia creciente de microplásticos en ambientes marinos representa una amenaza para los organismos filtradores, como los bivalvos, los cuales muestran una capacidad limitada para escapar de la exposición a estos agentes, filtrando fácilmente las partículas de polímeros mediante su alimentación. En este estudio, se analizaron 160 mejillones provenientes de un banco natural y de un cultivo suspendido. Se evaluó su condición fisiológica a partir del índice de condición (IC3) y el rendimiento (R). Los microplásticos se separaron en las muestras para inspección visual usando un microscopio estereoscópico, cuantificando su abundancia y caracterizándolos físicamente. Los mejillones de cultivo mostraron mayores masas totales pero menor condición fisiológica (IC3 = 32,1; R = 4,43) en comparación con los organismos de vida libre (IC3 = 43,9; R = 1,24). Se registró una marcada diferencia en la carga de microplásticos: 315 partículas en el sistema de cultivo, en comparación a 12 partículas en el banco natural. En los grupos predominaron las fibras, siendo significativamente más abundantes en los ejemplares de cultivo. Se observó diferencias significativas en los índices fisiológicos y en la bioacumulación de microplásticos entre ambos grupos (Mann-Whitney U, P<0,05), mientras que se evidenció una correlación negativa entre la abundancia de microplásticos y la condición de los organismos (Spearman Rho, P<0,05). Este hallazgo indica que los sistemas de cultivo pueden actuar como concentradores de microplásticos representando un riesgo potencial para la salud humana y los ecosistemas marinos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Dialys Bastardo-Vera, Juan López-Marcano, Ivis Fermín, Luis F. Freites V. , Edgar García
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