A genômica, uma ferramenta para a melhoria contínua da eficiência reprodutiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33936/latecnica.v27i2.4866Palavras-chave:
genômica; genes; seleção assistida por marcadores; eficiência reprodutiva; touro.Resumo
Na rentabilidade das explorações pecuárias, a eficiência reprodutiva do rebanho e particularmente do touro é de vital importância, uma vez que se enquadra como um parâmetro importante dentro da produção animal, pois ajudam a melhorar a qualidade da prole e atingem níveis elevados. produtividade. O estudo de genes e a caracterização genético-molecular de espécies através da identificação de sequências e marcadores genéticos, bem como sua correlação com essas características, tornou-se uma ferramenta útil para a seleção assistida por marcadores, que permite escolher espécimes com alta eficiência reprodutiva, em qualquer fase de seu desenvolvimento, acelerando os processos de melhoramento genético. As relações existentes entre os genes e as características reprodutivas do touro têm sido pouco estudadas ou os avanços científicos até à data não são conhecidos, por isso foi feita uma compilação das investigações realizadas até à data, para identificar os genes relacionados com a eficiência reprodutiva do touro. touro. Estima-se que 2.000 genes estejam envolvidos na espermatogênese, a maioria expressos nos testículos que participam dos processos reprodutivos do touro, assim como 65 genes expressos em embriões derivados de touros de alta fertilidade com alta taxa de concepção. Os genes mais estudados são: GnRHR, hormônio do crescimento, CATSPER, protamina 1 e 2, TSPY, glutationa-S-transferase (GST), glutationa-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), PARK2, GALNT13, CYCS, TFB2M, MEPCE, NDUFA1 e SFXN4.
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