Desempeño de las post-larvas de Penaeus vannamei (PL 32) alimentadas con dietas suplementadas con biomasa de Spirulina subsalsa

Autores/as

Berenice Licet Andradez articulos cientificos
Miguel Guevara Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salome Ureña
Elvira Herrera Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente
Rafael Pinto Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (FURG)

Palabras clave:

Cianobacterias, Nutrición, Camarón, Dieta, Parámetro zootécnico

Resumen

La industria camaronera enfrenta un desafío en la nutrición larval debido al alto costo de los alimentos comerciales, lo que ha impulsado la búsqueda de alternativas sostenibles. La harina de Spirulina subsalsa se ha considerado un ingrediente alternativo para sustituir parcialmente el alimento comercial en el cultivo larval de camarones, con el fin de reducir costos y diversificar las fuentes proteicas. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de biomasa seca de S. subsalsa en dietas para postlarvas (PL32) de Penaeus vannamei. Se establecieron tres tratamientos experimentales con tres réplicas cada uno: A (100% alimento comercial, control), B (75% alimento comercial + 25% S. subsalsa) y C (50% alimento comercial + 50% S. subsalsa). Cada unidad experimental consistió en un acuario con 200 PL cultivadas durante 15 días. Se registraron variables de desempeño zootécnico (ganancia de biomasa y talla, eficiencia alimenticia, factor de conversión alimenticia, tasa específica de crecimiento y supervivencia y se compararon mediante ANOVA seguido de prueba de Tukey. Con la dieta B se obtuvo un mejor desempeño que con la dieta C en la mayoría de los parámetros evaluados, con valores intermedios entre el control y la dieta C. Sin embargo, el tratamiento A presentó mayor biomasa ganada (0,91 ± 0,19 g), supervivencia (45,0 ± 2,50%) y menor factor de conversión alimenticia (0,70 ± 0,01) en comparación con B (0,62 ± 0,27; 35,5 ± 0,50%; 0,80 ± 0,03, respectivamente). Estos resultados sugieren que la sustitución parcial del 25% del alimento comercial por S. subsalsa puede mantener un desempeño zootécnico aceptable, aunque con rendimientos inferiores al control 100% comercial. En conclusión, la harina de S. subsalsa puede emplearse como un ingrediente complementario en la dieta de PL de P. vannamei hasta un nivel de inclusión del 25%, ya que, aunque se observó una ligera reducción en los parámetros de crecimiento y supervivencia con respecto al control, estos valores se mantuvieron dentro de intervalos considerados aceptables para la especie.

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