Analysis of the impact of panic on cognitive processes linked to decision-making in crisis scenarios

Abstract

Panic, although often seen merely as an intense emotion, can actually distort the way we think and decide when we're in the middle of a crisis. This study aimed to analyze how that emotion alters the cognitive processes involved in decision-making, especially when the environment becomes chaotic or threatening. The research followed a qualitative, exploratory, and documentary approach, reviewing 24 studies using the PRISMA methodology. The findings were organized into three main areas: the psychological effects of panic, the cognitive changes it causes, and behavioral patterns during high-pressure situations. Results show that panic can block logical thinking, trigger impulsive reactions, and even affect people with crisis management experience or training. Furthermore, when information is scarce or unclear, fear tends to grow faster. In conclusion, panic interferes not only at the individual level but also in groups and institutions, and if not anticipated or managed properly, it can worsen the outcomes of any emergency. Therefore, understanding how this emotion works becomes essential to making better decisions when they are most needed.