Use of energy reserves during early sexual maturity at the hatchery of the winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna with diets enriched with carbohydrates and lipids

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Authors

José Manuel Mazón-Suástegui Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR). Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa de Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-1180
Cristal Hernández López Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR). Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa de Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, México
Dwight Arrieche Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina y Ciencias Aplicadas de la Universidad de Oriente Dra. Susan Tai. Cerro El Medio, Av. Universidad, Cumaná, Sucre, Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-5545
César Lodeiros Grupo de Investigación en Biología y Cultivo de Moluscos, Dpto. Acuicultura, Pesca y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Acuicultura y Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-2235
Luis Freites Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina y Ciencias Aplicadas de la Universidad de Oriente Dra. Susan Tai. Cerro El Medio, Av. Universidad, Cumaná, Sucre, Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-7366
Pedro E. Saucedo Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR). Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa de Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2155-9677

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33936/at.v5i1.5481

Keywords:

Aquaculture, biochemical composition, microalgal diet, first sexual maturity, lipid microcapsules

Abstract

The use of energy reserves of juvenile Pteria sterna broodstock (50 mm shell height; 9 months old) was evaluated during their first sexual maturity under laboratory conditions. A base microalgal diet (diet M) was supplemented with carbohydrate-rich corn starch (diets F1 and F2) and lipid-rich microcapsules (diets L1 and L2), given at a daily ration of 1 and 2% of dry weight of soft tissues. Samplings were conducted at days 0 (d₀), 15 (d₁₅) and 30 (d₃₀) to collect tissues and determine temporal variations in the gonad tissue index (ITG, %), theoretical diameter of oocytes (DT, µm), and biochemical content of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the gonad, digestive gland, adductor muscle, and mantle tissue (mg/g). Given the size of oysters and protandrous nature of the species, males outnumbered females in all samplings. At d₃₀, all oysters matured in different proportions depending on sex and diet, being the ITG significantly higher in males and females given the L1 diet, and the DT of oocytes significantly higher in females fed the L2 diet. The carbohydrate concentration in adductor muscle and gonad significantly decreased in both samplings (d₁₅ y d₃₀) and in almost all diets (except F2); this suggests a process of lipogenesis from this fuel in both tissues, particularly in muscle, which explains in turn the increase in total lipids in the gonad at d₃₀ in oysters from the L1 and L2 diets. The lipid content of the digestive gland significantly decreased at d₃₀ with almost all diets (except L2), indicating that this tissue mobilizes previously stored lipids to the gonad to ensure gamete maturation. The L2 diet appears the best alternative, even combined with the F2 diet, to promote sexual maturation of P. sterna, with results that could be associated with its initial protandrous-type gametogenic activity.

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